India announced on Friday that it had successfully tested the Agni-5 intermediate-range ballistic missile, capable of carrying nuclear warheads and striking targets well inside Chinese territory. The development underscores Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s drive to modernise India’s defence capabilities while balancing threats from both China and Pakistan.
Details of the test
According to India’s defence ministry, the test launch was carried out from Abdul Kalam Island off the country’s eastern coast. Officials confirmed that the missile achieved its full operational range of more than 5,000 kilometres, placing major Chinese cities such as Beijing and Shanghai within reach. The Agni-5 is part of India’s strategic forces command, designed to ensure credible deterrence in the region.
Strategic context
The test comes amid heightened tensions with both China and Pakistan. Along the disputed Himalayan border, India and China have maintained a heavy military presence since deadly clashes in 2020. At the same time, Pakistan’s continued missile development and its long-standing rivalry with India remain a persistent concern for New Delhi. Analysts say the Agni-5 test signals India’s intent to project strength on both fronts.
Part of broader defence modernisation
Prime Minister Modi’s government has increased defence spending and accelerated domestic weapons production under the “Make in India” programme. The Agni-5 test highlights progress in India’s indigenous missile programme, which is central to its strategy of achieving self-reliance while maintaining strategic balance with regional rivals. The missile’s solid-fuel technology and road-mobile launcher system provide greater flexibility and survivability in a conflict scenario.
Regional and global reaction
While India stressed that the Agni-5 is a deterrent and not directed at any specific country, the test is likely to draw a sharp response from Beijing. China has previously criticised India’s missile programme, warning that it threatens regional stability. Pakistan has also closely monitored India’s advances, raising fears of a potential arms race in South Asia. The United States and other Western partners, while supportive of India’s strategic role in countering China, are expected to urge restraint to avoid escalation.
Outlook
The successful Agni-5 test adds to India’s growing strategic arsenal and reinforces its status as a regional nuclear power. With both China and Pakistan in its sights, New Delhi is seeking to maintain a delicate balance between deterrence and diplomacy. Whether the move strengthens security or heightens regional tensions will depend on the responses from its neighbours in the weeks ahead.
REFH – Newshub, 5 September 2025
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