The number of extremely hot days has risen by more than a quarter in the world’s major cities since the 1990s, according to new analysis, prompting urgent calls for action to protect urban populations from the deadly effects of rising temperatures.
Global rise in urban heat extremes
Capitals from London to Tokyo have experienced a significant increase in days classified as extremely hot, with analysts warning that the pace of change is accelerating. Heatwaves that once occurred every few years are now regular seasonal events, straining infrastructure and posing heightened risks to health, particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children.
Impact on public health and safety
Experts say that the surge in heat extremes is already linked to rising mortality rates, with urban residents facing greater exposure due to dense populations, limited green spaces, and the “heat island” effect caused by concrete and asphalt. Hospitals in cities including New Delhi, Cairo, and Madrid have reported growing numbers of heat-related illnesses, while power grids and water systems struggle to cope with surging demand.
Regional vulnerabilities
In Europe, summers are becoming notably harsher, with southern capitals like Athens and Rome experiencing record-breaking temperatures. In Asia, megacities such as Tokyo and Jakarta are confronting not only extreme heat but also humidity that amplifies health risks. Meanwhile, African cities including Lagos and Cairo face mounting challenges from heat coupled with rapid urbanisation and limited infrastructure for cooling.
Calls for urgent action
Urban planners and climate analysts stress the need for rapid adaptation. Recommendations include expanding green infrastructure, redesigning buildings for natural cooling, strengthening early warning systems, and investing in resilient energy and water networks. Without such measures, the risks to health, productivity, and overall city resilience will continue to climb sharply.
The broader climate context
The increase in extreme heat days aligns with global warming trends attributed to greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists note that urban populations will be disproportionately affected, as cities are home to more than half of the world’s people and are projected to house nearly 70% by 2050. The rising toll underscores the urgency of international commitments to reduce emissions while strengthening adaptation measures.
Newshub Editorial in Global – 2025-10-01
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