Millions of Australians could be displaced by rising sea levels and face sharply higher risks of death from extreme heat, according to a landmark climate report released today. The study, authored by leading scientists and commissioned by national research bodies, warns that without decisive action, climate change could fundamentally reshape the country’s environment, economy, and society.
Rising seas threaten coastal communities
The report highlights that Australia’s densely populated coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. With much of the population living near the coast, projections suggest that entire neighbourhoods, infrastructure networks, and business hubs could face regular flooding and eventual abandonment by mid-century. Low-lying cities including Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are identified as among the most at risk, alongside smaller coastal towns already battling erosion.
Heat-related deaths set to climb
Inland regions are expected to bear the brunt of extreme heat. The analysis predicts a steep rise in heat-related mortality if global warming continues on its current trajectory. Heatwaves are already Australia’s deadliest natural hazard, and scientists warn that deaths could triple or quadruple by the end of the century without stronger mitigation. Vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions, face the greatest risks.
Economic and social costs
The report warns of significant financial impacts, including declining property values in high-risk coastal areas, mounting insurance costs, and pressure on public health systems. Agricultural productivity is also forecast to fall in several regions due to prolonged droughts and water scarcity, increasing food insecurity and rural hardship.
Urgency for stronger action
The findings underscore the need for Australia to accelerate its transition to renewable energy, strengthen coastal defences, and prepare urban areas for extreme heat. While the government has pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, the report cautions that current policies fall short of the scale required to avert widespread disruption.
A turning point for policy
Researchers argue that Australia has both the resources and the responsibility to lead on climate action, given its exposure to climate extremes and its reliance on fossil fuel exports. They emphasise that urgent steps taken this decade will be critical in determining whether millions of Australians can remain safe and secure in their homes and communities.
REFH – Newshub, 15 September 2025
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