On this day in 1792, the cornerstone of the White House was laid in Washington, D.C., marking the start of construction of what would become one of the most recognisable political residences in the world. Designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban, the White House has since stood as both a home and an enduring emblem of the American presidency.
The design and early construction
Chosen through a public design competition, Hoban’s neoclassical plan reflected the ideals of the new republic—stability, democracy, and order. The original structure was built primarily by enslaved and free labourers, European craftsmen, and immigrants, a complex reality that mirrors the contradictions of the early United States.
Construction began on a site selected by President George Washington, although he would never live to see its completion. The building, then called the “President’s House,” was first occupied by John Adams and his wife Abigail in 1800, during the closing months of his presidency.
Destruction and reconstruction
The White House has endured fire, reconstruction, and extensive renovation. During the War of 1812, British troops set the building ablaze in 1814, destroying much of the interior and leaving only the charred stone walls standing. It was rebuilt almost immediately under Hoban’s direction, reaffirming its symbolic importance to the young nation.
Further changes followed over the centuries—most notably the addition of the West Wing under Theodore Roosevelt and the Oval Office under William Howard Taft. Harry S. Truman later led a complete structural renovation between 1948 and 1952, rebuilding the interior while preserving the historic façade.
A continuing symbol
Beyond its role as a residence, the White House remains a stage for diplomacy, a seat of executive power, and a reflection of American values and identity. Every president since John Adams has shaped it in some way, physically or symbolically, ensuring that it evolves with the nation itself.
Today, more than two centuries after that cornerstone was laid, the White House continues to stand not only as a residence of leadership but as a living testament to the nation’s enduring democratic experiment.
Newshub Editorial in North America – 13 October 2025
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