Blockchain technology is moving from experimentation to infrastructure in Africa, with applications spreading across finance, agriculture and education. From pilot projects in urban communities to university-led training programmes, the technology is beginning to shape the continent’s economic and social landscape.
Financial inclusion in Nairobi’s slums
In Kibera, Nairobi’s largest informal settlement, local residents have begun using bitcoin for everyday payments as part of a grassroots initiative. Around 200 people now rely on digital transactions as an alternative to mobile money platforms such as M-Pesa. Advocates highlight lower transaction costs and enhanced security for unbanked users. Critics, however, caution that volatility poses risks for vulnerable communities already struggling with unstable incomes.
Agriculture and supply chain transparency
Farmers in Kenya and Malawi are adopting blockchain tools to record harvests and track produce through the supply chain. Early results suggest income increases of 25–40% per farm, as transparent data strengthens market trust and unlocks new channels such as carbon credit schemes. Each participating farm contributes measurable carbon reductions, opening opportunities for climate-linked financing.
Building skills and talent
Universities are also moving to embed blockchain into education. A partnership between the University of Zurich and the University of Cape Town has launched a “Deep Dive into Blockchain” summer school, bringing students from across the continent to Cape Town. The programme aims to develop technical capacity and prepare graduates to lead Africa’s next wave of digital innovation.
Investment and business adoption
Africa’s blockchain ecosystem is attracting growing interest from investors, particularly in areas such as remittances, credit scoring, and tokenisation of assets. Reports indicate that purpose-driven blockchain firms are raising more capital as demand rises for transparent, secure systems to support cross-border trade under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
Challenges and risks
Despite the progress, risks remain. Currency volatility, limited regulation and gaps in consumer protection leave communities exposed to potential misuse. Experts emphasise the need for stronger governance frameworks to balance innovation with stability, ensuring that blockchain adoption does not exacerbate inequalities.
Outlook
From financial inclusion in informal settlements to agricultural transparency and academic training, blockchain is establishing itself as a transformative force in Africa. If paired with clear regulation and sustained investment, the technology could play a decisive role in bridging financial gaps and supporting sustainable growth across the continent.
REFH – Newshub, 28 August 2025
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