Peru has marked its 204th Independence Day, celebrating the historic moment when General José de San Martín declared the nation’s freedom from Spanish colonial rule on 28 July 1821. The commemorations, which traditionally span two days, have showcased the country’s national pride whilst also highlighting contemporary diplomatic relationships and ongoing domestic challenges.
Historical significance remains central to celebrations On 28 July 1821, General José de San Martín declared independence from Spain in a public ceremony at Lima’s town hall, attended by approximately 16,000 people including local leaders, citizens, and military personnel. Peru’s independence was achieved primarily by outsiders, as the nation had remained loyal to Spain due to the conservative attitude of the Peruvian aristocracy and the concentration of Spanish military power in Lima.
The liberation process began during the Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808, which sparked independence movements across Spanish America. San Martín, born to Spanish parents in Argentina, had served in the Spanish army before resigning his commission in 1811 to fight for South American independence, leading 5,000 men through the Andes in one of military history’s most remarkable feats.
Modern celebrations reflect national unity The 2025 celebrations included flag-raising ceremonies, a presidential address, and the Grand Military Parade in Lima, showcasing the nation’s pride and unity. The official festivities consist of two days: 28 July commemorating independence, and 29 July honouring the Armed Forces and National Police of Peru.
Celebrations extended beyond official ceremonies, with Lima hosting gastronomic fairs at locations including Parque de la Exposición and the Circuito Mágico del Agua, featuring typical dishes, live Creole music, dances, and marinera contests. Northern cities such as Trujillo, known as the marinera capital, organised dance contests and folkloric parades.
Contemporary challenges amid commemorations However, the independence weekend also witnessed domestic tensions. Multiple organisations announced strikes and demonstrations in Lima between 24-29 July 2025, with protests planned at key locations including Plaza Dos de Mayo, Plaza San Martín, and routes toward the Congress of the Republic. Transport strikes disrupted movement across the capital during the traditionally celebratory period.
International diplomatic engagement The 2025 commemorations also highlighted Peru’s strengthening international relationships, particularly with Thailand, demonstrating how historical independence continues to shape contemporary diplomatic initiatives.
The bicentennial period has reinforced Peru’s position as a sovereign nation whilst acknowledging the complex legacy of colonial rule and the ongoing challenges of national development. The celebrations serve as both a reminder of historical achievement and a platform for addressing contemporary issues facing the republic.
REFH – Newshub, 28 July 2025
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