The 17th of May (Norwegian: Syttende mai) marks Norway’s Constitution day, a national holiday commemorating the signing of Norway’s constitution at Eidsvoll on 17 May 1814. This cherished occasion represents one of the most significant milestones in Norwegian history and is celebrated with remarkable enthusiasm across the nation.
Historical background
After centuries under Danish rule, Norway made a bold move towards independence by drafting its own constitution in 1814. Though full independence wasn’t actually achieved until 1905 (as Norway entered a union with Sweden following the 1814 constitution), this document laid the essential groundwork for Norwegian sovereignty.
The constitution was notably progressive for its time, drawing inspiration from the American and French revolutions. It established Norway as a constitutional monarchy with clear separation of powers and introduced democratic principles that were considered quite radical in early 19th century Europe.
Modern celebrations
Today’s festivities are characterised by several distinct traditions that make the Norwegian national day unique among global celebrations.
The children’s parade (Barnetoget) stands as the centrepiece of celebrations throughout Norway. This tradition began in 1870 when writer Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson suggested focusing Constitution day celebrations on children rather than military might. Schoolchildren march proudly through towns and cities carrying Norwegian flags and banners representing their schools.
Many Norwegians don their traditional attire known as bunad for the occasion. These ornate outfits vary significantly by region and family heritage, showcasing Norway’s diverse cultural traditions across different parts of the country.
Communities organise local gatherings featuring speeches, musical performances, games, and communal meals. The Norwegian flag features prominently in decorations everywhere, with red, white and blue ribbons adorning buildings, streets and people’s clothing.
Traditional foods enjoyed during celebrations include ice cream, hot dogs (pølse), and various cakes and sweets, often shared during festive meals with family and friends.
The spirit of the day
What distinguishes Norway’s national day celebrations is their focus on civic values rather than military might. The emphasis on children and education symbolises the nation’s commitment to its future generations. The celebrations champion democratic principles, cultural heritage and community togetherness.
As Norwegians gather to celebrate their national identity on the 17th of May, they continue a tradition that has evolved over two centuries while maintaining its core purpose: commemorating the democratic foundations of modern Norway and the values of freedom, equality and national unity that continue to define the Norwegian identity today.
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